Cabotagem brasileira: mapeamento da origem e destino das cargas: diagnóstico e perspectivas de crescimento

Abstract

Cabotage has the potential to contribute to reducing the transportation costs of several supply chains, with positive impacts on the competitiveness of Brazilian companies and improving the quality of life of the population through reduction of CO2 emissions, reduction of road accidents and prices to the final consumer, as a reflection of their lower unit cost of freight. Brazilian cabotage is concentrated in the transport of bulk cargo, accounting for around 91% of the total transported in 2018, with emphasis on liquid bulk, representing 73% of this total. In this sector we can characterize three markets from the economic point of view: Petrobras logistics operations, Industrial Operation mode; flow of other commodities, focusing on volume; and general cargo and container operations, with a primary focus on long distances off the Brazilian coast, whose market is distinct from the others, although the three markets are legally defined as cabotage. This paper presents an overview of this mode in Brazil, from the point of view of origin and destination of cargo transported by cabotage and proposes, from the estimate of long-distance general road haulage, a potential substitution of this mode for the cabotage market of general cargo and container. It concludes with a diagnosis of the current situation, an estimate of the potential growth of general cargo and container cabotage, besides the proposition of deepening the present study, for a greater insertion of cabotage, aiming at a more balanced transport matrix between their different mode that makes it up.