O financiamento dos serviços de água e esgoto: análise do passado recente (2016-2019) e desafios da diversificação de fontes para chegar à universalização

Abstract

The article analyzes how the main providers of water and sewage services are financed, using information from the 2016 and 2019 financial statements. The characterization of the different sources of resources and the comparison of their participation in the debts of companies between periods aim to explain how providers have financed themselves and to identify strategies, as well as to point out challenges for the leverage of investments. In particular, it analyzes debenture emissions, which grew significantly in the period covered by the study. Faced with the need to more than double the average of investments made from 2007 to 2019, so that it is possible to universalize services in the country by 2033, as established by the National Basic Sanitation Plan (Plansab) and the new sanitation framework (as is known Law No. 14,026/2020), this article seeks to understand what type of funding is best suited to each type of investment in the sector, arguing for the complementarity of different funding in the invesments viabilization. Finally, it points out some perspectives and challenges for increasing investments towards universalization.